A

Abbreviation	Name	Description
AA	Atomic Absorption	Atomic Absorption
AA-HPLC	Atomic Absorbtion, HPLC	Atomic Absorbtion, HPLC
AAS	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry	Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Ab/Neutral	Antibody Neutralization	Antibody Neutralization
ABIF	Avidin-Biotin Immunofluorescence	(ABIF) holds promise for more sensitive and specific amplification of indirect fluorescent antibody procedures. Antibody to the patient's specific antibodies is labeled with biotin, a compound capable of specifically binding avidin in high concentrations. Fluorescently labeled avidin is then added and fluorescent microscopy is used to detect the presence of the complexes.
ACIF	Anticomplement Immunofluorescence	(ACIF) is a technique used to make certain indirect fluorescent antibody techniques more specific and sensitive. Here the fluorescent dye is conjugated to antibody directed at complement and then added to a complement-fixing complex of antigen and patient antibody.
AE	Agarose Electrophoresis (AE)	Agarose Electrophoresis (AE)
AEDS	Agarose Electrophoresis, Densitometry, Spectrophotometry	Agarose Electrophoresis, Densitometry, Spectrophotometry
AGG	Aggregation	Platelet Aggregation
AGHEP	Alkaline Gel Hemoglobin Electrophoresis	(AGHEP) is a technique for separation of ionic molecules (principally proteins) by the differential migration through a alkaline gel according to the size and ionic charge of the molecules in an electrical field. Smaller molecules with a more negative charge will travel faster and further through the alkaline gel toward the anode of an electrophoretic cell when high voltage is applied. Similar molecules will group on the gel. They may be visualized by staining and quantitated, in relative terms, using densitometers which continuously monitor the photometric density of the resulting stain.
Amine	Amine	Amine
AnshLite	AnshLite(TM) Enzyme Linked Immunoassay	AnshLite(TM) Enzyme Linked Immunoassay
Arsenazo	Arsenazo	Arsenazo
AS	Atomic Spectroscopy	Atomic Spectroscopy
AS-PCR	Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
ASA	Allele Specific Amplification	Allele Specific Amplification
Assay Dep	Assay Dependant	Assay Dependant
Atherotech	Atherotech	Atherotech

B

Abbreviation	Name	Description
BCG	BCG	Bromocresol Green (BCG)
BD Affirm	BD Affirm™	The Affirm™ VPIII Microbial Identification Test is the first direct specimen DNA probe-based diagnostic test for the differential detection and identification of the causative agents for vaginitis: Candida species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis. The Affirm™ VPIII test's DNA probe technology offers a dependable, rapid means toward early identification and treatment of patients suffering from these pathogens. The test features an easy-to-read visible color reaction that is more accurate than current microscopic methods for detecting the causative agents of vaginitis. Additionally, its performance is unhampered by "difficult specimens," self-medication or the presence of mixed infections. During the test process, the assay aligns complementary nucleic acid strands to form specific, double-stranded complexes called hybrids. For each organism, this hybrid is composed of capture and color development single-stranded nucleic acid probes, complementary to the released target nucleic acid analyte. Enzyme conjugate then binds to the captured analyte. A positive result is a visible blue color reaction on the organism-specific bead embedded in the Affirm™ Probe Analysis Card (PAC). Each PAC contains three vaginitis organism test beads, plus positive and negative control beads to ensure test quality.
BD Prb Tec	BD ProbeTec	Amplified DNA Probe
bDNA	bDNA	Branched Chain DNA
bDNA/TMA	bDNA/TMA	Branched Chain DNA, Transcription-Mediated Amplification
BIA	Bioimmunoassay	Bioimmunoassay
BIO	Bioassay	Bioassay
Biuret	Biuret	Biuret
BRAHMS	Thermo Fisher BRAHMS Kryptor	Thermo Fisher BRAHMS Kryptor

C

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Calc	Calculation	Calculation
CE	Capillary Electrophoresis	Capillary Electrophoresis
CEDIA	CEDIA	Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay - The CEDIA method offers superior sensitivity and the best lot-to-lot consistency of any automated method. In addition, CEDIA assays are easier and less time-consuming than high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays.
CELLSEARCH	Veridex CellSearch	Veridex CellSearch
CF	Complement fixation (CF)	(CF) is an exacting, complex yet sensitive procedure that detects the presence of a specific antigen-antibody reaction by causing the in vitro activation of complement via the classical pathway. If complement is not fixed, lysis of the pre-antibody-coated reagent erythrocytes occurs. Again, crude quantitation of antibodies is possible by determining the highest dilution (titer) at which lysis does not occur. The differentiation of specific antibody isotype is not possible.
CF/ID/ELIS	Complement Fixation/Immunodiffusion/ELISA	Complement Fixation/Immunodiffusion/ELISA
Chrom	Chromogenic	Chromogenic
Chromatogr	Chromatography/spectrophotometry	Chromatography/spectrophotometry
CIA	Chemiluminescence Assay	(CIA), including a subcategory using bioluminescence (biologically derived chemiluminescence agents), use the generation of light from oxidative chemical reactions as an indicator of the quantity of unbound luminescently labeled antigen. This allows quantitation of unlabeled antigen from patient specimens in a variety of homogeneous (single phase) or heterogeneous (multiple phase) immunoassay techniques.
CIE	Counterimmunoelectrophoresis	(CIE) is a procedure in which oppositely charged antigen and antibody are propelled toward each other by an electrical field. This reduces the time necessary for visualization of the antigen-antibody reaction from 18-24 hours in ID to less than one hour and also substantially increases the sensitivity of the analysis. CIE has the capability of detecting concentrations of antigen/antibody 10 times smaller than the lowest concentrations measurable by DD or ID.
CL/IA	Chemiluminescence, Immunoassay	Chemiluminescence, Immunoassay
CLIA	Antibody Capture Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA)	Antibody Capture Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA)
CLOT	Clot Detection	Clot Detection
CMIA	Chemiluminescent Micropartical Immunoassay	Chemiluminescent Micropartical Immunoassay
CNPG3	CNPG3	Reagent utilises 2-chloro-pnitrophenyl-
CoA	Coagglutination	(CoA) is similar to the LA technique for detecting antigen (described above). Protein A, a uniformly distributed cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, is able to bind to the Fc region of most IgG isotype antibodies leaving the Fab region free to interact with antigens present in the applied specimens. The visible agglutination of the S. aureus particles indicates the antigen-antibody reaction.
COLO	Colorimetric	Colorimetric
Colo/Port	Colorimetric with Porter-Silber Reaction	Colorimetric with Porter-Silber Reaction
Colo/Zim	Colorimetric with Modified Zimmerman Reaction	Colorimetric with Modified Zimmerman Reaction
Comment	Comment	Comment
Cop-Sulf	Copper Sulfate	Copper Sulfate
COUL	Coulometric	The iontophoresis Sweat Test,  a collection is elution of sweat in a plastic coil then analyzed by the coulometric titration of chloride with silver by a digital chloridometer.
CQQCIA	Cell Culture/Quantitative CIA/ Semi-Quantitative CIA	Cell Culture/Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay/ Semi-Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
Cul/DFA	Culture / DFA	Microbiological Culture and DFA (DFA) is a general term for techniques which use the agglutination (macroscopic clumping) of particulate reagents as an indicator of the presence of an antigen-antibody reaction. Examples (HA, LA and CoA) follow.
Cul/Stim	Cul/Stim	Ex-Vivo cell culture and Histamine analysis for Chronic Urticaria (CU) index.
Cult	Culture	Microbiological Culture
Cult/CIA	Cell Culture/Chemiluminescence	Cell Culture/Chemiluminescence
Cyt-St	Cytochemical Stain	Cytochemical Stain

D

Abbreviation	Name	Description
DA	Direct Agglutination	(DA) is a general term for techniques which use the agglutination (macroscopic clumping) of particulate reagents as an indicator of the presence of an antigen-antibody reaction. Examples (HA, LA and CoA) follow.
DFA	Direct Fluorescent Antibody	(DFA) is the straightforward detection of antigens using fluorescently labeled antigen-specific antibody. Because detection of the antigen in a substrate of patient sample (cellular smear, fluid or patient- inoculated culture medium) is the goal, DFA is seldom quantitative.
DGU/Spec	DGU/Spec	Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation with Spectrophotometry
Diazo	Diazo	Bilibuin is coupled with diazotized sulphanilic acid in acidic
DID	Double immunodiffusion (DID)	Double immunodiffusion (DID)
DNA Hyb	DNA Hybridization	DNA Hybridization - The detection of specific human papillomavirus DNA types in paraffin-embedded human tissue.
DNA Probe	DNA Probe	DNA Probe
DNA-BCBA	DNA-Based Capture Binding Assay	DNA-Based Capture Binding Assay
DNA-Meth	DNA methylation analysis	DNA methylation analysis
DOT-BLOT	DNA "Dot-Blot" Hybridization	(DOT-BLOT) is a rapid technique used to detect the presence of a specific DNA in a specimen. Dots, or spots of the DNA containing sample are placed onto a nitrocellulose membrane and fixed. This membrane is then hybridized to a radioactively labeled DNA segment of known sequence, specific for the pathogenic DNA being tested. If the pathogenic DNA is present in the specimen, complementary DNA sequences present on the membrane will hybridize, or anneal, producing a double-stranded DNA segment with the radioactive label incorporated into the molecule. The presence of radioactivity is detected by autoradiography.
DRIA	Double-Antibody Radioimmunoassay (RIA)	Double-Antibody Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Dry Chem	Dry Chemistry	Dry Chemistry

E

Abbreviation	Name	Description
E-RBC	Enzymatic-RBC Hemolysate	Enzymatic-RBC Hemolysate
E/LCTMS	Enzymatic/Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Enzymatic/Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
ECIA	Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay	Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay
ECL	Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)	Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)
ECLIA	Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA)	Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA)
ECRA	Extraction, Chromatography, Radioreceptor Assay	Extraction, Chromatography, Radioreceptor Assay
EIA	Enzyme Immunoassay	(EIA) is the general term for an expanding technical arsenal of testing which allows a full range of quantitative analyses for both antigen and antibodies. These tests use color-changed products of enzyme-substrate interaction (or inhibition) to measure the antigen-antibody reaction. Examples of EIA procedures (EMIT, ELISA, MAC, MEIA) follow.
EIA Ag Cap	EIA (Antigen Capture)	EIA (Antigen Capture)
EIA/LCTMS	Qual EIA/Quant LC-TMS	Qualitative Enzyme Immunoassay/Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Elect-Chem	Electro Chemical	Electrochemical reaction with lead detection sensor
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)	(ELISA) is a sensitive, heterogenous (multiple phase) analytical technique for quantitation of antigen or antibody in which enzyme-labeled antibody or antigen is bound to a solid support (e.g., tubes, beads, microtiter plate wells, plastic tines or fins). After addition of patient specimen and substrate, antigen, antibody or complex are detected by a color change indicating the presence of the product of an enzyme-substrate reaction. Direct ELISA is a technique for measuring antigen using competition for antibody binding sites between enzyme- labeled antigen and patient antigen. Indirect ELISA, or enzyme immunometric assay, measures antibody concentrations using bound antigen to interact with specimen antibodies. Enzyme-labeled reagent antibodies can be isotype-specific (i.e., capable of determining the presence of IgG, IgA, IgM or IgE classes which react with the antigen of interest). The specificity of indirect ELISA assays for IgM isotypes in some infectious diseases is limited by false-positive results due to IgM rheumatoid factor in the presence of IgG-specific antibodies.
ELISA/ACIF	ELISA/ACIF/IFA	ELISA/ACIF/IFA
ELISA/CLIA	Semi-Quantitative ELISA/Semi-Quantitative CLIA	Semi-Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)// Semi-Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay(CLIA)
ELISA/IFA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/IFA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
ELISA/LCMS	Qualitative ELISA/Quantitative LC-TMS	Qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
ELISA/Neph	Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Nephelometry	Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Nephelometry
ELISACFIFA	ELISA, CompFix, IFA	ELISA, CompFix, IFA
ELVIS®	Enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (ELVIS®)	Enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (ELVIS®). ELVIS® HSV was developed using a transgenic baby hamster kidney-21 cell line. In this cell line, HSV infection causes the expression of a beta-galactosidase “reporter gene”, and it is the expression of this gene that can be used to monitor infection by HSV. Cultures positive by ELVIS® are confirmed by immunofluorescent staining.
EMCD	Electromagnetic Mechanical Clot Detection	Electromagnetic Mechanical Clot Detection
EMIT	Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique	(EMIT) is a homogeneous (single phase) EIA procedure in which the antigen being measured competes for a limited number of antibody binding sites with enzyme labeled antigen. The reagent antibody has the ability to block enzymatic activity when bound with the reagent enzyme-antigen complex preventing it's formation of product in the presence of substrate. The free antigen- enzyme complexes resulting from competition with measured antigen in the sample forms color-change products proportional to the concentration of antigen present in the specimen.
Enz	Enzymatic	Enzymatic
ENZ-Color	Enzymatic - Colorimetric	Enzymatic - Colorimetric
ENZ-Spec	Enzymatic - Spectrophotometric	Enzymatic - Spectrophotometric
EP	Electrophoresis	(EP) is a technique for separation of ionic molecules (principally proteins) by the differential migration through a gel according to the size and ionic charge of the molecules in an electrical field. Smaller molecules with a more negative charge will travel faster and further through the gel toward the anode of an electrophoretic cell when high voltage is applied. Similar molecules will group on the gel. They may be visualized by staining and quantitated, in relative terms, using densitometers which continuously monitor the photometric density of the resulting stain.
Eq-Dial	Equilibrium Dialysis	Equilibrium Dialysis
ERD	Electronic Resistance Detection	Electronic Resistance Detection
Ex-HP-HPLC	Extraction, High Pressure HPLC	Extraction, High Pressure HPLC
Ex-RIA	Extraction - RIA	Extraction Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Ex-Vivo	Ex-Vivo challenge and cell culture/Histamine analysis	Ex-Vivo challenge and cell culture/Histamine analysis
EZA	Enzymatic Assay (EZA)	Enzymatic Assay (EZA)

F

Abbreviation	Name	Description
FA	Fluorescent Antibody	(FA) assay is a general term for procedures which utilize the visual detection of fluorescent dyes coupled (conjugated) to antibodies which react with the antigen when present using fluorescent microscopy. FA allows a competent technologist to identify visually the site of the antigen-antibody reaction thereby rendering significant specificity. Variations are further explained below (DFA, IFA, ACIF, ABIF and Micro-IF).
FC	Flow cytometry	(FC) is an emerging technique which holds great promise for the separation, classification and quantitation of blood cells and antibodies which affect blood cells. Complex computerized instruments are used to pass a monocellular stream of cells, platelets or other microscopic particulate elements through a beam of laser light. The cells are categorized first by size and then computer analyzed to sort the mixture of cellular elements into cell type by size. In addition, monoclonal antibodies to specific cell surface markers are conjugated to fluorescent dyes and each cell displaying appropriate fluorescent light emission is counted. Tabulation of counted data in conjunction with size analysis enables determination of relative percentages of each specific cellular subset for which monoclonal antibody conjugates are utilized, even when the size of the cell is identical to other subset species.
FCI	Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping
FEIA	Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)	Enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A standard curve is used to calculate the specific IgG concentrations. The calibrators are referenced to the International Reference Preparation for serum immunoglobulins. This test has not been cleared or approved for diagnostic use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Ferene	Ferene	Ferene
FIA	Fluoroimmunoassay	Fluoroimmunoassay, Luminex® Multiplex, assay using beads coupled with capsular polysaccharide antigens from Streptococcus pneumonia. The assay is calibrated against U.S. Food and Drug Administration reference serum 89SF. This test has not been cleared or approved for diagnostic use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
FISH	Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization	(FISH) is part of the domain of cytogenetics and has very specific applications. FISH allows for detection of specific numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. The method allows for screening of a larger number of cells (>200 or more) for analysis than classical chromosomal cytogenetics.
Fl	Fluorometry	Fluorometry
Floc	Flocculation	Flocculation
FMI	FMI	Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay
Formalin c	Formalin concentrate and trichrome stain
FPD	Freezing Point Depression	Freezing Point Depression
FPIA	Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay	(FPIA) is a technique which takes advantage of the increased polarization (non-random propagation of emission) of fluorescent light emissions when a fluorescently labeled antigen is bound by reagent antibody. The higher the concentration of unlabeled patient antigen present in the test mixture, the less bound fluorescent antigen is present and, consequently, the lower the polarization of the fluorescent light emission. Standard calibration yields quantitative results.
FR-Neph	Fixed Rate Nephelometry	Fixed Rate Nephelometry
Frz-Point	Freezing Point	Freezing Point
FT-Neph	Fixed Time Nephelometry	Fixed Time Nephelometry

G

Abbreviation	Name	Description
GC-FID	Headspace Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)	Headspace Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)
GC/FID	Gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID)	Gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID)
GC/MS	Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)	GC analysis is a common confirmation test. Among its uses are drug testing and environmental contaminant identification. GC analysis separates all of the components in a sample and provides a representative spectral output. The technician injects the sample into the injection port of the GC device. The GC instrument vaporizes the sample and then separates and analyzes the various components. Each component ideally produces a specific spectral peak that may be recorded on a paper chart or electronically. The time elapsed between injection and elution is called the "retention time." The retention time can help to differentiate between some compounds. The size of the peaks is proportional to the quantity of the corresponding substances in the specimen analyzed. The peak is measured from the baseline to the tip of the peak.
GC/MS/MS	GC/MS/MS	Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS)
GEL	MTS Gel Technology, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics	(GEL) Red blood cells that are coated with IgG due to in vitro sensitization are determined indirectly by the MTS Anti-IgG Gel cards. The MTS gel card restricts the unbound IgG from moving through the gel during centrifugation. Thus, unbound IgG does not neutralize the Anti-IgG incorporated in the gel. IgG coated red cells will react with the Anti-IgG gel in the microtube during centrifugation. Strong positive reaction will produce a red line of cells layered at the top of the gel. Weak positive reactions will have visible red cell agglutinates suspended throughout the gel. Uncoated (non sensitized) cells or cells coated only with complement are not agglutinated by the Anti-IgG gel and will form a button at the bottom of the microtube.
Gel-Diff	Gel Diffusion	Gel Diffusion
Gene/MA	Genomic Microarray (Oligo-SNP Array)	Genomic Microarray (Oligo-SNP Array)
GF/AAS	Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy	Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy
Giemsa	Giemsa Band
GLDH/UV	GLDH/UV	GLDH/UV
GPO	Glycerol Phosphate Oxidase	Glycerol Phosphate Oxidase
grav	Gravimetric	Gravimetric
GUAIAC	Guaiac Colormetric Reaction (GUIAC)	is a color change in presence of hemoglobin.

H

Abbreviation	Name	Description
H	Hematofluorometry (H)	Hematofluorometry (H)
HA	Hemagglutination	(HA) is a technique for detecting specific antibodies which, when present, will cause antigen-coated reagent erythrocytes to agglutinate. Crude quantitation of the antibodies can be achieved by performing a serial dilution of the patient serum and noting the highest dilution (titer) at which agglutination is still present.
Han Stain	Hansel stain	a stain used to detect eosinophils in urine or other body fluids, the eosinophils staining red against a background of blue.
HCII	Hybrid Capture II	Hybrid Capture II
Hemolysis	Hemolysis	Hemolysis
Hemox	Hemoximeter	Hemoximeter
Hexokinase	Hexokinase	Hexokinase
HI	Hemagglutination Inhibition	(HI), also abbreviated HAI, is a variation of the HA technique. Some viral antigens, when coated on erythrocytes, spontaneously cause agglutination in the absence of antibody. In these situations, the specific antigen-antibody reaction actually prevents the agglutination of reagent RBCs. HAI cannot differentiate between isotypes of specific antibodies (IgG, IgA or IgM) although positive HAI analysis of specimens treated with Staphylococcus aureus Protein A (discussed above under CoA) to remove the IgG isotype antibodies has been used to imply the presence of specific IgM antibodies to the specific viral antigen. The crude quantitation of the specific antibodies is possible using serial dilution (titer).
HPLC	High Performance Liquid Chromatography	High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPLC	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC FLD	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection
HPLC TM	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry.	High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry.
HPLC/IEC/S	HPLC/Ion Exchange Chromatography/Quantitative Spectrophotometry	HPLC/Ion Exchange Chromatography/Quantitative Spectrophotometry
HPLC/LCMS	HPLC/LCMSMS	HPLC/LCMSMS
HPLC/TMS	HPLC/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	HPLC/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
HPLC/UV	High-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV)

I

Abbreviation	Name	Description
I-PCR/El	Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrophoresis	Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrophoresis
IA	Immunoassay (IA)	Immunoassay (IA)
IA/IB	Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot	Immunofluorescence, Immunoblot
IA/KAP	Immunoassay / Kinetic Alkaline Picrate (IA/KAP)	Immunoassay / Kinetic Alkaline Picrate (IA/KAP)
IA/LCMSMS	Immunoassay; Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Immunoassay; Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
IC	ImmunoCard	Immunochromatographic rapid test utilizing monoclonal antibodies labeled with red-colored gold particles.
ICA	Immunocytochemical Assay	(ICA) involves the computerized assessment of microscopic fields following DFA, IFA or indirect or direct IP analysis of biopsy tissue from the patient. In addition to improved specificity with the removal of operator subjectivity, the quantifiability of results through computer data analysis of color, intensity and concentration has only begun to be realized.
ICAP	ImmunoCAP	ImmunoCAP Allergy testing
ICFA	ImmuKnow Cell Function Assay	ImmuKnow Cell Function Assay
ICMA	Immunochemiluminometric (ICMA)	Immunochemiluminometric (ICMA)
ICP/MS	Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry	Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry
ICP/MS AS	Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) or Atomic Spectroscopy (AS)	Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) or Atomic Spectroscopy (AS)
ICP/OES	Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectroscopy	Inductively-Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission Spectroscopy
ID	Immunodiffusion	(ID), also called Double diffusion (DD) or the Ouchterlony technique, is the classical procedure used to detect the presence of antibodies and determine their specificity by visualization of "lines of identity" (precipitin lines). These precipitin lines (precipitated antigen-antibody complexes) form where the binding concentrations of antigen and antibody are equivalent. Patient serum diffuses from one well through the gel and reacts with a known specific antigen (or antibody) which diffuses through the gel from a second well. DD is strictly qualitative, although the density of the precipitin line and the distance of the line from the sample well may give some indication of the antibody concentration.
IEP	Immunoelectrophoresis	(IEP) is a two-step procedure which first involves the electrophoretic separation of proteins, followed by the linear diffusion of antibodies into the electrophoretic gel from a trough which extends through the length of the gel adjacent to the electrophoretic path. The antigen-antibody reactions produce precipitin arcs at positions where equivalence occurs. Although quantitation is subjective, an experienced eye can determine not only the presence of the antigen but, through visual comparison to normal control sera, may discriminate relative increases or decreases of antigen by gauging the length and density of the precipitin arcs at positions established for specific antigens using known standards.
IFA	Indirect Fluorescent Antibody	(IFA) is the detection of antibodies to specific antigenic material in the substrate using fluorescent microscopy. Using fluorescently conjugated antibodies which are specific for a particular isotype of antibody, it is possible to distinguish IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes of specific antibodies using IFA. This sensitive technique is highly specific in well-trained hands and recent developments in the establishment of internationally recognized standard materials have led to accurate quantitation of antibody concentrations through endpoint titration (the highest serial dilution of specimen at which specific fluorescence remains) and through measuring visual intensity of fluorescence compared to known reference standard material.
IFA	Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)	Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
IFCC NADH	IFCC;UV/NADH	IFCC;UV/NADH
IFE-EP	Immunofixation Electrophoresis	Immunofixation Electrophoresis
IFF	Indirect immunofluorescence (IFF)	Indirect immunofluorescence (IFF)
IFIX	Immunofixation	(IFIX) is a powerful enhancement of immunoelectrophoresis in which a series of post-electrophoretic gel slabs are layered with cellulose-acetate gels saturated with specific antibodies. The resulting antigen-antibody complexes fixed on the second gel may then be stained, allowing sensitive and specific qualitative visual identification of paraproteins by electrophoretic position.
iFOBT	Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test	Hemoccult® ICT is the latest and most advanced fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the Hemoccult product line. An immunochemical FOBT (iFOBT) with high specificity and sensitivity, Hemoccult ICT is clinically proven to detect bleeding associated with more cancers and polyps than traditional guaiac-based FOBTs. Because of its superior specificity for lower GI bleeding, Hemoccult ICT is an ideal screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC), and this specificity also reduces the number of false positive test results. Safe and non-invasive, Hemoccult ICT is very patient friendly, as there are no diet or drug restrictions for patients to follow while they are using it, which helps increase patient compliance.
IHC	Immunohistochemistry	Immunohistochemistry
ImmDOT	ImmunoDOT	ImmunoDOT
IMMENZ	Immunoenzymatic	Immunoenzymatic
IMMP	Immunoprecipitin	Immunoprecipitin
immQT	Immunologic, quantitative	Immunologic, quantitative
IMMTb	Immunoturbidimetry	Immunoturbidimetry
IMNeph	Immunonephelometry	Immunonephelometry
IMOB	Ion Mobility	Ion Mobility
InBC	Insulin-I125 binding capacity	Insulin-I125 binding capacity
Infrared S	Infrared Spectroscopy
Int/Use	Internal Use Test	Internal Use Test
INTERP	Interpretive information.	Interpretive information.
INV	Signal Amplification, Invader chemistry detection	The Invader® platform is a proprietary technique by Third Wave Molecular Diagnostics.
IP	Immunoperoxidase	(IP) assays are analogous to IFA in that antibody presence is identified on antigenic substrates visually. However, in the indirect IP instead of fluorescent dye-antibody conjugates, enzyme-antibody conjugates (principally peroxidase enzymes) are reacted with their corresponding substrates to produce a product which can be seen with a light microscope, eliminating the requirement for costly fluorescent microscopic equipment.
IRMA	Immunoradiometric Assay	(IRMA) uses low-level radioactively labeled specific antibody to quantitate low concentration compounds. In IRMA, a first antibody is presented on solid-phase (coated on tubes or beads). After binding the antigen present in the sample, a second radioactively labeled antibody is added. Radioactivity remaining after washing the solid phase is proportional to the concentration of antigen present in the sample and is quantitated by comparison to a standard curve.
ISE	Ion-Selective Electrode	Ion-Selective Electrode
ISO-F	Isolectric Focusing	Isolectric Focusing

J

Abbreviation	Name	Description
JEN-GROF	Jendrassik-Grof	Jendrassik-Grof

K

Abbreviation	Name	Description
KAP(Jaffe)	Kinetic Alkaline Picrate (Jaffe)	Kinetic Alkaline Picrate (Jaffe)
Karyotype	Karyotype	Culture, Microscopy, Karyotype
Kinyoun	Modified Kinyoun stain and autofluorescence	Modified Kinyoun stain and autofluorescence
KS	Kinetic Spectrophotometric	Kinetic Spectrophotometric

L

Abbreviation	Name	Description
L-FR NEPH	L-FR NEPH	Latex, Fixed Rate Time Nephelometry
L/P(NAD)	Lactate - Pyruvate (NAD)	Lactate - Pyruvate (NAD)
LA	Latex agglutination	(LA), also known as latex particle agglutination, for detection of antibodies is identical to HA in principle, but the substitution of smaller, antigen-coated latex particles for erythrocytes results in improved sensitivity and reagent longevity. Alternatively, antibodies can be absorbed to the latex particles (under appropriate ionic and pH conditions) by binding to the Fc region of antibodies, leaving the Fab region free to interact with antigens present in the applied specimens. This phenomenon has made LA a popular technique for detecting antigens as well.
LAMP	LAMP	Is a molecular method of Loop mediated isothermal Amplification called Illumigene. Illumigene, by Meridian Bioscience, is an FDA approved technology providing better sensitivity over older EIA methodology.
LC/MS	Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy	Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy
LC/MS FD	Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) fluorescence detector	Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) fluorescence detector
LC/MS/ED	Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Equilibrium Dialysis	Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Equilibrium Dialysis
LC/MS/MS	Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) is a technique combining the principles of chromatography and mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation of the analytes is based on the difference of their distribution between a mobile liquid phase and a stationary phase. Mass spectrometry measures ions based on the mass to charge m/z ratio. In LCMS-MS, following a liquid chromatography separation, the sample is introduced into a mass spectrometer, where the molecules are ionized, fragmented, and the fragments are sorted based on their m/z ratio, then subsequently introduced to a second mass spectrometer for further fragmentation, sorting and quantitation. This technique is highly specific and sensitive.
Leumeta	Leumeta(TM)	Leumeta(TM)
LIA	Latex Immunoassay Agglutination	(LIA)-When a monochromatic beam of light is passed through a suspension of microlates particles which have specific antibodies attached, the light is only slightly absorbed. If the specific antigen is added, the latex particles agglutinate causing the amount of light absorbed to increase. This increase in light absorption is proportional to the amount of antigen present.
LiBaSys	Liquid-phase binding assay (LiBaSys)	Liquid-phase binding assay (LiBaSys)
Line Blot	Line Blot	Line Blot
LIPA	LIPA	Line probe assay (LiPA)
LPBAS	Liquid-phase Binding Assay System	Liquid-phase Binding Assay System

M

Abbreviation	Name	Description
MAC ELISA	IgM Antibody Capture ELISA	(MAC ELISA) has been developed to impart significant improvement in assay specificity to indirect ELISA procedures for IgM isotype antibodies. Solid-phase support (usually microtiter plate wells) are coated with anti-human IgM antibodies capable of binding all IgM isotype antibodies present in the specimen. Reagent antigen is then added, followed by enzyme-labeled antigen- specific antibodies. If IgM antibodies specific for the antigen in question are present, the "sandwich" complex will result in enzymatic color-change proportional to the concentration of IgM-specific antibody present. This technique appears to be the method of choice in many highly specific and more sensitive assays for IgM infectious disease antibodies.
Macr/Micr	Macroscopic and Microscopic examination	Macroscopic and Microscopic examination
MAFD	Multi-Analyte Fluorescent Detection	Multi-Analyte Fluorescent Detection
MAID	MAID	(Multi-Analyte Immunodetection)
MC	Microscopy	(MC) use of a manually operated microscope.
MEI	Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay	Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay
MEIA	Microparticle enzyme immunoassay	(MEIA) is a technique in which the solid-phase support consists of very small microparticles in liquid suspension. Specific reagent antibodies are covalently bound to the microparticles. Antigen, if present, is then "sandwiched" between bound antibodies and antigen-specific, enzyme- labeled antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes are detected and quantitated by analysis of fluorescence from the enzyme-substrate interaction.
MFI	Multiplex flow immunoassay	Multiplex flow immunoassay
MICF/ELISA	Microfluidics ELISA	Microfluidics ELISA
miRNA	MicroRNA (miRNA) Profiling	MicroRNA (miRNA) Profiling
Miro-IF	Micro-immunofluorescence	(Micro-IF) is really multiple IFA. Several different substrates are arranged in specific locations on a single microscope slide well allowing a rapid, simultaneous IFA on each substrate.
Mixed Tech	Mixed Technology	Mixed Technology
MLDPA	Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification	Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification
MLP	Micro Latex Particle	Micro Latex Particle - Mediated Immunoassay
Mod Jaffe	Modified Jaffe, Kinetic	a fixed time reaction where the picrate is added and the rate of the reaction is measured at a specific wavelength to determine the amount of creatinine in the sample.
Mol-HLA	Molecular HLA	Molecular HLA oligotyping is determined utilizing PCR and sequence specific oligonucleotide probes, unless otherwise indicated.
MP-MIA	Microlatex Particle-Mediated Immunoassay	Microlatex Particle-Mediated Immunoassay
MPS	Massively Parallel Sequencing	Massively Parallel Sequencing
MPS/CGHM	Massively Parallel Sequencing/Exonic Oligonucleotide-based CGH Microarry	Massively Parallel Sequencing/Exonic Oligonucleotide-based CGH Microarry
Ms	Mass Spectrometry (MS)	Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Multiplex	Multiplex PCR	Multiplex PCR

N

Abbreviation	Name	Description
NAA	Nucleic acid amplification (NAA)	Nucleic acid amplification (NAA)
NAA	Nucleic Acid Amplification	Nucleic Acid Amplification
NAD	Nucleic Acid Detection	Nucleic Acid Detection
NAH	Nucleic Acid Hybridization	Nucleic Acid Hybridization
NB	Northern Blot	(NB) uses techniques similar to the Southern blot described above. Messenger-RNA from the specimen is separated by electrophoresis and blotted to a specially modified paper support to result in covalent fixing of the mRNA in the electrophoretic positions. Radiolabeled single-stranded DNA fragments complementary to the specific mRNA being sought are then hybridized to the bound m-RNA. If the specific mRNA is present, the radioactivity is detected by autoradiography. The derivation of this technique from the Southern blot used for DNA detection has led to the common usage of the term "Northern blot" for the detection of specific mRNA.
NEPH	Nephelometry	(NEPH) is used to quantitate antigen by analyzing increases in turbidity, as measured by increasing scatter of laser light. The interaction of specific antibodies in the reagent with the antigen from the sample results in the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which are rendered insoluble by the presence of precipitating reagents. Most modern nephelometers compare the rate of formation of antigen-antibody complexes (determined by computer analysis of laser light scatter data) to that of known antigenic standards in order to measure precisely the protein antigens (some of which are actually immunoglobulins) present in moderate concentrations.
NG Seq	Next Generation Sequencing	Next Generation Sequencing
Nile Blue	Nile Blue	.
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
NonPending	Possible Result	Possible Result
Nt	Neutralization	(Nt) is similar to complement fixation but is applicable only in certain pathogenic situations where the antibody being measured is directed against a hemolysin (a bacterial toxin capable of directly lysing erythrocytes). In these situations, the hemolysin and reagent erythrocytes are added, and if the antibody to the hemolysin is present, the lysis of RBCs will not occur. As in CF, crude quantitation is afforded by serial dilution which may be quantitatively compared to established standard material dilutions.
NV-BC Agg	Non-viable bacterial cell agglutination assay	Non-viable bacterial cell agglutination assay

O

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Optical	Optical	Optical

P

Abbreviation	Name	Description
PA	Particle Agglutination	Particle Agglutination
Path Rep	Pathology Report	Pathology Report
PatInfo	Patient Information	Patient Information
PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction	(PCR) is a highly efficient method to amplify low levels of specific DNA sequences in a sample to reach the threshold of detection. Two short DNA "primers", oligonucleotides (small portions of a single DNA strand) specific for the pathogenic DNA sought whose sequence flanks that section of DNA to be amplified, are used. Repeated cycles of DNA denaturation (separation of the double DNA strands), primer annealing (recombination of the double-stranded structure) and extension of the primed DNA sequence (by the enzyme DNA polymerase in the presence of added purine and pyrimidine bases) are performed. Each cycle doubles the amount of specific DNA sequence present and results in an exponential accumulation of the DNA fragment being amplified. The reaction products are hybridized to a radioactively labeled DNA segment complementary to a short sequence of the amplified DNA. Following electrophoresis, the radiolabeled product of specific size is detected by autoradiography.
PCR-SSO	PCR-SSO	Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probes (SSO)
PCR/CE	PCR/Capillary Electrophoresis	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Capillary Electrophoresis
PCR/CE	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Capillary Electrophoresis	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Capillary Electrophoresis
PCR/DNA/ED	PCR/DNA Hybridization/Electrochemical Detection	PCR/DNA Hybridization/Electrochemical Detection
PCR/FA	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fragment Analysis	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fragment Analysis
PCR/FA	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fragment Analysis	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fragment Analysis
PCR/FM	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fluorescence Monitoring	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fluorescence Monitoring
PCR/FM	PCR/Fluorescence Monitoring	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fluorescence Monitoring
PCR/FRET	Real Time PCR/Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer	Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
PCR/INV	PCR and Invader Plus® detection	PCR and Invader Plus® detection
PCR/MPS	PCR/Massively Parallel Sequencing	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Massively Parallel Sequencing
PCR/NE/FA	PCR/Single Nucleotide Extensions/Fragment Analysis	PCR/Single Nucleotide Extensions/Fragment Analysis
PCR/PS	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Pyrosequencing	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Pyrosequencing
PCR/RT	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Real Time	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Real Time
PCR/S	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequencing	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequencing
PCR/S/MLPA	PCR/Sequencing/Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amp	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequencing/Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification
PCR/SNPE	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Single Nucleotide Primer Extension	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Single Nucleotide Primer Extension
PCR/SNPE	Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) / Single Nucleotide Primer Extension	Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) / Single Nucleotide Primer Extension
PCR/SOPH	PCR/Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probe Hybridization	Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequence Specific Oligonucleotide Probe Hybridization
PCR/TMA	PCR/TMA	Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Transcription Mediated Amplification (TMA)
PCRHPLCS	PCR/HPLC/Sequencing	Polymerase Chain Reaction/ High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Sequencing
PETINIA	Enhanced Turbidimetric-Inhibition Immunoassay (PETINIA)	Enhanced Turbidimetric-Inhibition Immunoassay (PETINIA)
PFA	Platelet Function Testing	(PFA)-Platelet function is measured under high shear condition which simulate those formed at sites of vascular injury. Using both an epinephrine and ADP collagen membrane, platelets undergo activation, adhesion and aggregation with progressive closure of the membrane aperture reported as the closure time in seconds.
Plt Agg	PLATELET AGGREGATION	PLATELET AGGREGATION
PM	Potentiometric	Potentiometric
PM-Complex	Phosphomolybdate Complex	Phosphomolybdate Complex
PRECIP	Precipitation	Precipitation
Prompt	Prompt	Prompt
Protease Z	Protease Zymogen-Based Colorimetric Assay	Protease Zymogen-Based Colorimetric Assay
Pyro-Red	Pyrogallol Red	Pyrogallol Red

Q

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Q EIA/HPLC	Qualitative EIA/Quantitative HPLC/Tandem MS	Qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Quantitative High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Q-EIA	Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay	Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay
Q-ELISA	Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Q-EMIA	Quantitative Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique	Quantitative Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Q-Enz	Quantitative Enzymatic	Quantitative Enzymatic
Q-EQD/HPLC	Quantitative Equilibrium Dialysis/HPLC-Tandem Mass Spec.	Quantitative Equilibrium Dialysis/High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Q-Flow	Quantitative Flow Cytometry	Quantitative Flow Cytometry
Q-Fluro	Quantitative Fluorometry	Quantitative Fluorometry
Q-RIA	Quantitative Radioimmunoassay	Quantitative Radioimmunoassay
Q-RID	Quantitative Radial Immunodiffusion	Quantitative Radial Immunodiffusion
Q-TMA	Qualitative Transcription-Mediated Amplification	Qualitative Transcription-Mediated Amplification
Q/SRA	Qualitative Serotonin Release Assay	Qualitative Serotonin Release Assay
QC/EIA	Quantitative Colorimetry/Enzyme Immunoassay	Quantitative Colorimetry/Enzyme Immunoassay
QCIA	Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay	Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
QE-CIA	Quantitative Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay	Quantitative Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay
QEF	Quantitative Enzymatic/Fluorometry	Quantitative Enzymatic/Fluorometry
QENZ/ELECT	Quantitative Enzymatic/Electrophoresis	Quantitative Enzymatic/Electrophoresis
QEQ/HPLC/T	Quant Equilibrium Dialysis/HPLC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Equilibrium Dialysis/High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QFEIA	Quantitative Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay	Quantitative Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay
QGC/C	Quantitative Gas Chromatography/Colorimetry	Quantitative Gas Chromatography/Colorimetry
QGC/TMS	Quantitative Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QGCMS	Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
QHI/Enz	Quantitative Heat Inactivation/Enzymatic	Quantitative Heat Inactivation/Enzymatic
QHPLC/TMS	Quantitative HPLC/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QIB/IFA	Semi-Quantitative Immunoblot/Semi-Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody	Semi-Quantitative Immunoblot/Semi-Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
QICP/MS	Quantitative Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
QIFA/QELSA	Semi-Quant IFA/Semi-Quant ELISA	Semi-Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody/Semi-Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
QIT	Quantitative Immunoturbidimetric	Quantitative Immunoturbidimetric
Ql Colo	Quantitative Colorimetry	Quantitative Colorimetry
Ql LC/TMS	Qualitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Qualitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QL-EIA	Qualitative Enzyme Immunoassay	Qualitative Enzyme Immunoassay
Ql-El/RID	Qualitative Gel Electrophoresis/Radial Immunodiffusion	Qualitative Gel Electrophoresis/Radial Immunodiffusion
Ql-ELISA	Qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	Qualitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
QL-IB	Qualitative Immunoblot	Qualitative Immunoblot
Ql-ID	Qualitative Immunodiffusion	Qualitative Immunodiffusion
QL-IP/SQT-	Qualitative Immunoprecipitation/Semi-Quant Multiplex Bead Assay	Qualitative Immunoprecipitation/Semi-Quant Multiplex Bead Assay
QL-PCR	Qualitative PCR	Qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
QLC/TMS	Quant Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QlMic/St	Qualitative Microscopy/Stain	Qualitative Microscopy/Stain
QM-BA	Quantitative Multiplexed Bead Assay	Quantitative Multiplexed Bead Assay
QMBA	Quantitative Multiplex Bead Assay	Quantitative Multiplex Bead Assay
Qnt-HPLC	Quantitative High Performance Liquid Chromatography	Quantitative High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Qnt-I Chr	Quantitative Ion Chromatography	Quantitative Ion Chromatography
Qnt-LC/Imm	Quantitative Liquid Chromatography/Immunoassay	Quantitative Liquid Chromatography/Immunoassay
Qnt-LC/TMS	Quantitative Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Quantitative Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
QP-PCR	Repeat-Primed PCR (QP-PCR)	Repeat-Primed PCR (QP-PCR)
QSPEC	Quantitative Spectrophotometry	Quantitative Spectrophotometry
Qt IFA	Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody	Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
Qt ISE	Quantitative ion-selective electrode	Quantitative ion-selective electrode
Qt IVD	Quantitative IVD Assay	Quantitative IVD Assay
Qt SwEIA	Quantitative Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)	Quantitative Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
Qt-PCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
Qt/ICAPFEI	Quantitative ImmunoCAP Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay	Quantitative ImmunoCAP Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay
QU/QCIA	Quantitative Ultrafiltration/Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay	Quantitative Ultrafiltration/Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
Qual ELISA	Qualitative ELISA
Qual/If-El	Qualitative Immunofixation Electrophoresis	Qualitative Immunofixation Electrophoresis
Quant-Neph	Quantitative Nephelometry	Quantitative Nephelometry

R

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Rapid IA	Rapid Immunoassay	Rapid Immunoassay
Rapid-ICG	Rapid Immunochromatographic	Rapid Immunochromatographic
RBA	Radiobinding Assay	Radiobinding Assay
REA	Radioenzymatic Assay	Radioenzymatic Assay
Reflect	Reflectance	Reflectance
RFFIT	Rapid Fluorescent FOCI Inhibition Test	Rapid Fluorescent FOCI Inhibition Test
RFIA	Rapid Fluorescent Immunoassay	Rapid Fluorescent Immunoassay
RIA	Radioimmunoassay	(RIA) uses fixed-dose, low-level, radioactive-isotope- labeled antigen ("tracer") to compete with unlabeled antigen from the patient specimen for a fixed number of antibody binding sites. Traditional RIA is done with specific antibodies in liquid solution. Solid-phase RIA involves the use of antibody bound to solid support (e.g., tubes, glass beads or plastic fins). The amount of antigen in the specimen is determined by comparing the bound radioactivity with a standard curve.
RIA-CHR	Radioimmunoassay/Chromatography	Radioimmunoassay/Chromatography
RIBA/SIA	RIBA 3.0 Strip Immunoblot Assay (SIA)	RIBA 3.0 Strip Immunoblot Assay (SIA)
RID	Radial Immunodiffusion	(RID) is a quantitative variation of the Ouchterlony technique (immunodiffusion) in which the agar gel contains evenly distributed antigen (or antibody) and its counterpart from the test sample diffuses into the gel from a single well resulting in a circular precipitin line around the sample well. The diameter of the precipitin ring is proportional to the concentration of the antibody (or antigen) present in the test sample. By comparing the diameter of the test specimen precipitin ring to known standards, a relatively insensitive estimation of the concentration of specific antibody or antigen can be achieved.
RIPA	Radioimmunoprecipitation assay	(RIPA) is the term used to describe the qualitative assay used as a confirmatory procedure for some antibodies to viral antigens. Viral-infected cell cultures are radioactively labeled and lysed to yield radiolabeled antigen fragments. Specific antibodies, if present, will bind these antigen fragments and the resulting antigen-antibody complexes are precipitated using protein A, boiled to free the immune complexes which are then separated by electrophoresis. The pattern of antigenic moieties to which antibodies are present may then be detected using autoradiography (the exposure of sensitive X-ray film by the radioactive emissions of the bound, labeled antigens). Comparison to labeled molecular weight standards electrophoresed in the same run allows determination of the molecular weight "bands" of antigen to which antibodies are present.
RIPA	RIPA gel radiography	RIPA gel radiography
RT-PCR	Reverse Transcriptase PCR	(RT-PCR) is a technique used to amplify RNA targets. The specimen containing the target RNA (e.g., HIV-1 RNA, Hepatitis C Virus RNA) is subjected to reverse transcription to make complementary DNA (cDNA), which is then, in turn, amplified by PCR.

S

Abbreviation	Name	Description
S-Q IFA	Semi-Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody	Semi-Quantitative Indirect Fluorescent Antibody
SB	Southern Blot	(SB) describes the technique first developed by the Scottish molecular biologist Edward M. Southern which now bears his name. Specimen DNA is denatured, treated with restriction enzymes to result in DNA fragments and then the single-stranded DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis. The electrophoretically separated fragments are then blotted to a nitrocellulose membrane, retaining their electrophoretic position, and hybridized with radiolabeled single- stranded DNA fragments with sequences complementary to those being sought. The resulting double-stranded DNA bearing the radiolabel is then, if present, detected by autoradiography.
SDA	Strand displacement amplification	Strand displacement amplification
See Notes	See Test Notes	See Test Notes
SEMI-FC	Semi-Quantitative Flow Cytometry	Semi-Quantitative Flow Cytometry
Semi-Q RID	Semi-Quantitative Radial Immunodiffusion	Semi-Quantitative Radial Immunodiffusion
SF	Scanning Fluorometry	Scanning Fluorometry
SNP MA	SNP Microarray Analysis	SNP microarray analysis
Solubility	Solubility	Solubility
SPEA	Spectrophotometric, enzymatic assay	Spectrophotometric, enzymatic assay
SPEC	Spectrophotometry	Spectrophotometry
SpecInfo	Specimen Information	Specimen Information
SPI	SPI	Solid-Phase Immunochromatograph
SQ-EIA	Semi-Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay	Semi-Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay
SQ-ELISA	Semi-Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	Semi-Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
SQ-IFA	Semi-Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay	Semi-Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay (Indirect Fluorescent Antibody)
SQ-SN	Semi-Quantitative Serum Neutralization	Semi-Quantitative Serum Neutralization
SQAGG	Semi-Quantitative Agglutination	Semi-Quantitative Agglutination
SQBio/QCIA	Semi-Quant Bioassay/Quant Chemiluminescent Immunoassay	Semi-Quant Bioassay/Quant Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
SQCF	Semi-Quantitative Complement Fixation	Semi-Quantitative Complement Fixation
SQt-RIA	Semi-Quantitative Radioimmunoassay	Semi-Quantitative Radioimmunoassay
SSI	Single Stain Immunofluorescence	Single Stain Immunofluorescence
SV	Shell Vial Culture	Shell Vial Culture

T

Abbreviation	Name	Description
T-Seg SNP	Targeted sequencing with SNPs	Targeted sequencing with SNPs
TLC	Thin Layer Chromatography	Thin-layer chromatography consists of a stationary phase immobilized on a glass or plastic plate, and an organic solvent. The sample, either liquid or dissolved in a volatile solvent, is deposited as a spot on the stationary phase. The constituents of a sample can be identified by simultaneously running standards with the unknown. The bottom edge of the plate is placed in a solvent reservoir, and the solvent moves up the plate by capillary action. When the solvent front reaches the other edge of the stationary phase, the plate is removed from the solvent reservoir. The separated spots are visualized with ultraviolet light or by placing the plate in iodine vapor. The different components in the mixture move up the plate at different rates due to differences in their partioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase.
TMA	Transcription-Mediated Amplification	Transcription-Mediated Amplification
TMS	Tandem Mass Spectrometry	Tandem Mass Spectrometry
TOPA	Turbidometric Optical Platelet Aggregation	Turbidometric Optical Platelet Aggregation
TPTZ	TPTZ	2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) is a color reagent for ferrous ion in the pH
Tr/Eq/Dial	Tracer Equilibrium Dialysis	Tracer Equilibrium Dialysis
TRANFX	Transfection	Transfection
TS-EIA	Two-Site Enzyme Immunoassay	Two-Site Enzyme Immunoassay
Tube-Agg	Tube Agglutination	Tube Agglutination
Turb	Turbidometric	Turbidometric

U

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Ultra/Imm	Ultrafiltration/Immunoassay	Ultrafiltration/Immunoassay
Ultracent	Ultracentrifugation
Ur/GLDH	Urease/GLDH	Urease/GLDH
Uricase	Uricase	Uricase

V

Abbreviation	Name	Description
Various Me	Various Methods	Various Methods
Visc	Cone-Plate Viscometer	Cone-Plate Viscometer
Visual	Visual	Clot retraction measured visually.

W

Abbreviation	Name	Description
WB	Western Blot	(WB) or Immunoblot, because of the similarity to the procedures described above, is used to detect antibodies to specific epitopes of electrophoretically separated subspecies of antigens. Electrophoresis of antigenic material yields separation of the antigenic components by molecular weight. Blotting of the separated antigen to nitrocellulose, retaining the electrophoretic position, and reacting it with patient specimen will result in the binding of specific antibodies, if present, to each antigenic "band". Electrophoresis of known molecular weight standards allows for the determination of the molecular weight of each antigenic band to which antibodies may be produced. These antibodies are then detected using EIA reactions which characterize antibody specificity. This technique is often used to confirm the specificity of antibodies which are detected by ELISA screening procedures.
WB/ELISA/R	Western Blot/Quantitative ELISA/RT-QuIC Analysis	Western Blot/Quantitative ELISA/RT-QuIC Analysis
WB/Q-ELISA	Western Blot/Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	Western Blot/Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Westergren	Westergren	The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate, is the rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a given time period. It is a common hematology test which is a non-specific measure of inflammation. Anticoagulated blood is placed in an upright tube, known as a Westergren tube, and the rate at which the red blood cells fall is measured and reported.
WRIGHT	Wright Stain	Wright Stain